The Role of the Custody Officer Free Essay Example, 3000 words

2. The other aim of the custody officer is to provide any information as may be required by the detained person since he has the right to know the circumstances surrounding his or her detention. It can be noted that the aim is not to punish or incriminate a detained person but the Custody Officer has to ensure safe keeping of the person in his hands while waiting for the course of justice to determine the outcome of the case. 3. The other aim of the Custody Officer is to search all arrested persons brought under their custody to ensure that they would not get into holding cells with dangerous weapons. Dangerous weapons are not allowed in the holding cells as this may lead to the commission of other equally serious crimes in the custody of the police. Objectives of the Custody officer 1. While the first part of this essay dealt with the aims of the custody officer, this section seeks to critically outline and analyse the objectives that define the role of custody officers in a police organisation. The major objective of the Custody officer is to check and identify the authenticity of the crime committed by the arrested person before detaining him. The custody officer at the police station where an arrested person is being held shall determine whether he has with him sufficient evidence to charge that person with an offence for which he was arrested and may authorize detention for a certain period pending trial. The Custody officer has to be objective and ensure that all the detainees would have cases to answer which can be solved by the court of law which is the highest arbiter to solve disputes or crimes in a given community. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of the Custody Officer or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now 2. The other objective of the Custody Officer is to make decisions over the people detained. The objective is to be firm but fair with all the inmates they are responsible for supervising. Firmness allows the officers to make informed decisions which are not biased. Interaction with the inmates makes the Custody officers to be able to maintain their composure even during emergency situations. The custody officers ought to act as counselors to the detained persons as a way of trying to remove fear among them. 3. Another equally very important objective of the Custody Officers is to ensure that justice prevails even to detained people. A person in the police custody would not yet have been convicted of a crime hence is still innocent. As such, they must also be treated with dignity where their rights are given due prominence. This follows from the argument that a person still in police custody is still innocent until proven guilty by the outcome of the court case.

Essay about Creon Defines the Tragic Hero in Sophocles...

Antigone - Creon Defines the Tragic Hero Antigone, written by Sophocles is a tale of a tragic hero who suffers with the recognition and realization of his tragic flaw. Although this short story is titled after Antigone, Creon is the main character and he provides the moral significance in the play. First, Creon withholds the respect of his citizens but it is clear to them he is not perfect through his pride (tragic flaw). Secondly, his radical reversal of fortune is made clear after he struggles with the recognition of his fatal flaw. Thirdly and lastly, his pity and fear flowers into an understanding of his prideful and destructive nature leading to his redemption. Nevertheless he is left with the burden of the deaths of†¦show more content†¦He comes to the realization that he is flawed and has made an unjust and rigid ruling. He responds to Teiresias guiding lecture with That is true...It troubles me. Oh it is hard to give in but it is worse to risk everything for stubborn pride. Creon scene 5. He at tempts to correct his judgements but instead discovers the suicidal deaths of his niece, son, and wife, all stemming from his decision to kill Antigone for the breaking of his irrational law. His son warns him that he will not go on living without his fiancà ©, but he does not listen to his pleading. It takes him too long to discover his tragic flaw and his reversal of fortune comes into play. He says that Antigones death would ...give me everything but in the end he has nothing. Creon goes from becoming a newly appointed king to the only surviving member of his family. Oh pity! All true, all true, and more than I can bear. Creon exodus. He is both pitied by his people and the carries significant doubt for a hopeful future. After these emotions have subsided he starts to recover and enter another level of redemption. The old Creon has been destroyed and the new sorrowful and wise one has developed. Sadly enough only an event so tragic could cleanse the once strong yet evilly prideful and heedlessly destructive Creon. He statesShow MoreRelatedTragic Heroism of Creon Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesfeel pity and fear. Creon, a character in the Greek tragedy â€Å"Antigone†, resembles a perfect example of a tragic hero. This play was written by Sophocles, a historic playwright during the 5th century. It begins with the illegal burial of Polyneices, Antigone’s beloved brother. Creon, the King of Thebes, is coerced to condemn his niece Antigone to death. Being loyal to his city, Creon follows through with his punishment of Antigone. By doing so, his character is changed forever. Creon has the qualitiesRead MoreEssay on Creon as the Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone1326 Words   |  6 PagesCreon as the Tragic Hero in Antigone     Ã‚   This essay will compare two of the characters in â€Å"Antigone†, Antigone and Creon, in an effort to determine the identity of the tragic hero in this tale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To identify the tragic hero in Sophocles’ renowned play â€Å"Antigone†, we should first consider both the elements present in Greek tragedies and what characteristics define a tragic hero. Aristotle’s definition of tragedy is: â€Å"Tragedy is a story taking the hero from happiness to miseryRead MoreTragic Hero In Antigone948 Words   |  4 Pagesmakes them a hero. Heroes can help save the day, be strong against others, help people in tough situations. In Sophocles Antigone, the tragic hero proves to be worthy of these traits as she presents herself to be stronger than the rest. She shows several characteristics that help her achieve this title. Although it is a high honor she had persevere in order to get to this point and it wasnt an easy task. For these accomplishments, Antigone has earned the title of a Tragic Hero. Antigone seems to beRead MoreSophocles Antigone By Sophocles967 Words   |  4 PagesTragedy in Antigone Antigone is one of the greatest Greek tragic plays by Sophocles. The play portrays two main characters, Antigone and Creon, who undergo tragedy in the play. Various arguments have been put forth regarding who amongst the two characters is the actual tragic hero in Sophocles’ Antigone. A number of people are for the idea that Creon qualifies since he does possess the real characteristics of what tragedy is all about, while numerous others believe that Antigone is the actual hero in tragedyRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King871 Words   |  4 Pagesby Sophocles, â€Å"Oedipus the King â€Å"and â€Å"Antigone† are bodies of work displayed the meaning of what Aristotle defined as a tragedy. â€Å"Oedipus the King† is a story of a king trying to avoid the fate of his life that has been prophesized before his birth. In â€Å"Antigone† is story of a girl who devoted to her family, and regardless of the orders made the king Creon. In these stories the archety pes and hamartia of Antigone and Oedipus play a major role in the story. In â€Å"Antigone† the character Antigone displaysRead MoreTheories on Tragedy in Antigone1897 Words   |  8 PagesTragedy in Antigone Many dramatic theorists have documented their opinions of Sophocles tragic play Antigone. They have presented their interpretations as to the motives and moral character of Antigone and Creon. I will attempt to encapsulate the basic logic behind the arguments of the critics Brian Vickers, A.C. Bradley (who interprets Hegel), and H. D. F. Kitto, and venture my own humble opinion as to their validity. Brian Vickers clearly favors the character of Antigone. He challengesRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Sophocles Antigone874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragic Flaw in Antigone Classical Greek tragedy Antigone by Sophocles, shows the tragic flaw by defining Creon destruction who put a young girl sentence to death. Creon was a king of Thebes, he was a tyrant who liked to enforce his laws on people. In Antigone Creon demonstrated as a tragic hero, who obligated an action and made mistakes which caused his downfall he believed that he can’t ever be wrong. His stubbornness cost a lot of people lives including his son. Creon suffered greatly inRead MoreCreon As A Tragic Hero In SophoclesAntigone1509 Words   |  7 PagesIn Poetics, Aristotle describes a tragic character as someone who experiences an error in judgement, experiences a reversal of fortune due to the error, has an excessive pride, and receives a fate much greater than what is deserved. In Sophocles’ Antigone, many would argue that Creon is the tragic hero of the play. However, he is not alone as the recipient of tragedy. A young woman by the name of Antigone also fits the characterist ics for being considered a tragic heroine. A key element in the tragedyRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Things Fall Apart And Antigone 1446 Words   |  6 Pagesmythology. The main character in these plays often had something tragic occur at the end, such as death. This character was the referred to as the â€Å"tragic hero.† A couple hundred years later a Greek philosopher named Aristotle described tragedy with 4 simple elements, nobility of the character, the flaws of the tragic hero, the start of the tragic hero’s downfall, and his/her punishment. In Things Fall Apart, Oedipus, and Antigone there is a character that shows this definition of tragedy by theRead MoreAntigone English paper pdf1196 Words   |  5 PagesCamille Pearce Ms. Kettle IB English Period D 12 October 2014 Antigone; A Martyr Who Dies for the Wrong Reasons Pearce 2 Antigone as a strong and determined tragic hero who presents herself as a powerful woman who will not be defined by a man. Antigone is steadfast in her decision to disobey the law and bury her brother and dose not hesitate to take fully responsibility for her actions even if it means death. Unfortunately, Antigone does not consider the effect her death will have on her family

Night World Secret Vampire Chapter 9 Free Essays

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Commerce Impacts Global Trend And Market †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Commerce Impacts Global Trend And Market? Answer: Introduction This report outlines the e commerce business model for the Ballarat trade Fair Consultancy (BTFC). This model helps these companies to improve their efficiency as well as the revenue of the BTFC. The Australian companies and the BTFC communication can be improved with the help of using the internet in their business activities. The report covers the security and payment systems and the revenue model, if the company adopts the e commerce businesses. The report also carried out some of the issues related to the privacy, legal and the customer services to take the corrective measures. The e- marketing of the BTFC starts with the development of the websites and perform all the activities and sales through the online marketing or the digital marketing. The whole report highlights the benefits of using the internet and latest technologies in the business. BTFC can resolve the problem of the payments by adopting the online method of transactions which are user friendly and much more conveni ent. E-commerce business model E commerce business means to conduct the business with the help of the digital or electronic means that refers to doing of business through internet, intranet and extranet. The e commerce business is not only a process of buying and selling, it is more than that, because it involves the customer services aa well as the collaboration with the suppliers (Shahriari, Shahriari, Gheiji, 2015). The Ballarat trade fair consultancy (BTFC) can make use of the e commerce business model to improve the efficiency and to gain maximum profits. As an internet and management consultant, my suggestion to the BTFC is to use the websites and online payment methods through the help of the websites. The e-commerce model is explained better with the help of the below diagram. With the help of the e commerce technologies, all the Australian companies will contact the BTFC through the online website and place a request to organize the space and other operations for the trade fairs exhibitions (Franco Regi , 2016). Then BTFC can accept the request after the consent of the company with regard to the payments. The online payment method can be used by the BTFC. Australian companies can pay to the BTFC for the trade fair through internet banking, credit card, debit card, etc. This model suggested for the BTFC is almost similar to the online shopping portals where people place an order by making payments through online methods. Revenue model There are many sources of generating the revenue for BTFC as the main activities of this consultancy firm is to do the marketing activities. The revenue model of the e commerce business of the BTFC involves a lot of the activities such as direct payment from the exhibitors, commissions on the sale of the tickets and through the sale of the merchandise brand at the trade fairs (Gangeshwer, 2013). However, the revenue generated through the online business model is represented in the below image. The revenue can be generated by receiving the commission on each online ticket booking for the trade fair exhibitions. Moreover, on page advertisement of these trade fair exhibitions also generates the revenue by attracting maximum customers. Lastly, there are many Australian companies which can take the monthly and yearly subscription to organize their trade fair exhibitions. The revenue model of the e commerce business of the BTFC shown the most rapid growth because of the adoption of the new technologies. It is analyzed that the organizations need to adopt the latest technologies for the survival in the market (Ontario, 2013). Applications These e-commerce business models can be used for various purposes. The first and most important benefit of using the e commerce technologies is to attract the maximum number of the clients through the Electronic advertisement marketing strategies. The application of the E commerce business also improves the efficiency of the BTFC. The scope and reach of the BTFC services become large by putting all the services provided by the BTFC on the web (Bhaskar, Sinha, Mishra, 2012). Moving further the benefits for the BTFC by implementing these E commerce technologies will be: Increase in the sales of online tickets for the exhibitions Reduces the marketing cost by promoting the online advertisements Easily accessible by all the Australian companies as well as customers Improves the communication between the business organizations and the customers (Ladda, 2015). There are three main systems of the business organizations where these e business technologies can be applied to improve the efficiency of the company and gain the profits. First application area of the E business is the internal business systems that include the customer service management, enterprise resource planning, human resource management and document management systems. Secondly, the applications of these e business are in the enterprise communication and collaboration that improves the communication between the Australian companies and the consultancy and the Merchandisers (Adenwala, 2014). The introduction of the voice mails, emails, electronic chats can improve the efficiency of the business of the BTFC. The third application of these e commerce technologies is in the e commerce that includes the online and offline marketing of the products and services offered by the company. Security Moving further to the security of the e business, then the each online transactions on the internet needs the full security in the payment methods. For the safe and secure payments or transactions, the following things always keep in mind. Confidentiality: The information shared on these e commerce business websites is confidential and cannot be accessed by any third person. Availability: The information is always available for the customers or suppliers, whenever they required. Authenticity: There is always a mechanism need to be followed before accessing the required information. Encryption: The data shared on the internet is encrypted and decrypted only by the authorized person (Grabowski, 2013). Auditability: The data can be audited as per the requirements. Security Measures Encryption: This is the best method of securing the data or information on the internet by generating an encryption security code and this security code is used by the sender as well as the receiver. This is the effective way to protect the information being transmitted on the network. Digital Signature: It is also used to protect the companies from the risks ad these are the electronic signature, which are checked through the encryption and the password. This measure prevents the company from the fraud (Sarkar, 2017). Security Certificates: This is the id of the user or the website with the help of which identification of the individuals is easy for the security reasons. E-marketing requirements There are many things required for the e marketing. For BTFC, first of all, the company needs to build the website and need to buy the domain name for the development of the websites. E- Marketing needs proper marketing content to promote the company products and services. The BTFC need to post all their relevant details on the website and the website should consists of the services offered by the BTFC and how it works for gaining the attention of the customers (Chanana Goele, 2012). Payment system Payment system in the e commerce technologies refers to the making payment for the transactions that ate paperless payments. All these online payments increase the efficiency and accuracy as well as also reduce the costs. These are the time saving transactions and user friendly in nature that provides the company an opportunity to expand their business. Same is the case with the BFTC that they can have the option of the expansion of the business. There are many different methods of making payment with the help of the internet. Some of the modes of the payments are given below: Credit card: This is the common mode of the payment by making use of the credit cards. These cards are small plastic cards with number attached to the personal account and if a person chooses to make a payment through credit card, then payment will be deducted from an issuer bank and then issuer bank deducts that money from the persons account with monthly payment cycle in instalments (CEIT, 2012). Debit card:It is similar to the credit card in looks, but the difference between the debit and credit card is that the payment is directly deducted from the cardholders account in the case of debit card, whereas in the case of credit card, the amount deducted from an issuer bank. Smart card- It is also like the debit and credit card, but this card is used to store the customer personal information and money. This money stored in the smart card gets reduced as per the usage. The Smart card consists of the chips embedded on it. Electronic Fund Transfer- This method involves the transfer of money from one account to another account by using the IFSC codes of the Bank accounts and it can be also done from the ATM itself. Privacy and customer Service issues To understand the concept of the privacy and customer privacy issues, it is very important to observe the strategies and the privacy expectations of the consumers and the businesses. There are three major concerns with regard to the privacy concerns: What type of information collected by the BTFC need to be informed to the customers and the companies. The consent of the Australian companies and customers to share the specific information relevant for them. The BTFC make sure that personal information shared by the Merchandisers and the Companies will not be stolen or misused by any third party. All these three domains need to be taken care by the BTFC before starting the E commerce business (Bhaskar, Sinha, Mishra, 2012). The BTFC can also provide the Customer services in the efficient through the use of the e commerce technologies. Apart from it, the customer service issues arise because of the involvement of the bulk amount of customers. There is a possibility that it may become difficult to handle thousands clients at one time. The proper measures need to be taken to deal with these small issues. Legal issues E-contracts: The E-commerce business also involves the electronic contracts and all these contracts are governed by the Indian contract act. The contract is said to be valid if there is mutual consents of the both the parties. The consent of the BTFC and the Australian companies required to sign the E contracts before taking the services (Nasir, 2004). Data Protection: Data protection is the serious issue and this is the reason that the data need to be protected by entering a password and the data that needs protection is related to bank details, personal information and the history and biometric information. Service Management: The consumer protection act governs the relationship between the supply chain and service management. The BTFC need to keep all the things in mind and handle all the supply chain, delivery system and services management. Advertising: This is the important factor and the advertisement must contain all the relevant information and the irrelevant information may cause legal actions against the company that may ruin the brand image of the company (MEDIVISION, 2013). Competition: E-commerce has also generated a competition because of the increase in the number of the players. Increasing in the competition is the great challenge. Analytics The report presented above analyzed that the adoption of the internet and the latest technologies in the trade fair business leads to improve the efficiency of the company as well as increase the sales revenue. E-commerce results in the reduction of the labor costs, marketing costs and the other costs. The internet is playing a very significant role as it saves the time as well as the efforts of the company and improves the efficiency because of the improvements in the supply chain value of the BTFC. It is also analyzed that the revenue generation methods will change as the company will get the revenue by on the on page advertisements, booking of the online tickets on the website and the monthly subscription of the trade management systems. There are many methods which can be used for the online transactions such as the credit card, debit card, smart card and the electronic funds transfer. Conclusion At the end, the report will end with the benefits of the implementation of the e commerce technologies and these are helpful in the Increase in the sales of online tickets for the exhibitions, Reduces the marketing cost by promoting the online advertisements, easily accessible by all the Australian companies as well as customers, improves the communication between the business organizations and the customers. The report also carried out some of the issues related to the privacy, legal and the customer services to take the corrective measures. The e- marketing of the BTFC starts with the development of the websites and perform all the activities and sales through the online marketing or the digital marketing. The Australian companies and the BTFC communication can be improved with the help of using the internet in their business activities. References Adenwala, M. (2014). Impact of e-commerce on business performance: a study with respect to travel industry. Bhaskar, P., Sinha, N., Mishra, S. (2012). E-Business and E-Commerce - Its Emerging Trends. Journal of Intelligence Systems, 2(1), 14-16. CEIT. (2012). Current Electronic Commerce Research. Retrieved from https://ceit.aut.ac.ir/~sa_hashemi/My%20Research/0-Selected%20Papers/2-ECommerce%20Systems/0-Current_EC_Research.pdf Chanana, N., Goele, S. (2012). Future Of E-Commerce In India. International Journal of Computing Business Research, 7, 1-8. Retrieved from https://www.researchmanuscripts.com/isociety2012/7.pdf Franco, C., Regi, B. (2016). Advantages and challenges of e-commerce customers and businesses: in indian perspective. International Journal of Research Granthaalayah, 4(3), 7-13. Gangeshwer, D. (2013). E-Commerce or Internet Marketing: A Business Review from Indian Context. International Journal of u- and e- Service, Science and Technology, 6(6), 187-194. Retrieved from https://www.sersc.org/journals/IJUNESST/vol6_no6/17.pdf Grabowski, P. (2013, June). Customer service ecommerce- challenges and solutions. Retrieved from https://ecommerceinsiders.com/customer-service-ecommerce-challenges-solutions-988/ Ladda, S. (2015). eCommerce in India- Accelerating growth. PWC. Retrieved from https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/publications/2015/ecommerce-in-india-accelerating-growth.pdf MEDIVISION. (2013). Legal issues in eCommerce. Retrieved from https://www.focus-on-business.com/html/ecommerce.html Nasir, M. (2004). Legal issues involved in E-commerce. Retrieved from https://ubiquity.acm.org/article.cfm?id=985607 Ontario, Q. P. (2013). E-Commerce: Purchasing and selling online. Retrieved from https://www.onebusiness.ca/sites/default/files/MEDI_Booklet_E-Commerce_accessible_E_final.pdf Sarkar, S. (2017). Consumer Privacy in e-Commerce. Retrieved from https://cis-india.org/internet-governance/blog/privacy/consumer-privacy-e-commerce Shahriari, S., Shahriari, M., Gheiji, S. (2015). E-Commerce and its impacts pn global trend and market. International Journal of Research, 3(4), 49-55. Retrieved from https://granthaalayah.com/Articles/Vol3Iss4/03_IJRG15_A04_63.pdf

3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization

3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization 3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization 3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization By Mark Nichol Here are my responses to readers about questions regarding whether to use uppercase or lowercase letters in certain contexts. 1. Would you write, â€Å"I study algebra,† or â€Å"I study Algebra†? â€Å"I’m enrolled in algebra II,† or â€Å"I’m enrolled in Algebra II†? Is the following sentence correct? â€Å"The school offers algebra, French, physics, Spanish, Geometry, and english.† When you refer to an academic subject, write, for example, â€Å"I study algebra.† (Capitalize only names of languages and other proper nouns.) However, when the reference is to a course in which an academic subject is taught, write, for example, â€Å"I’m enrolled in Algebra II.† The terms in this revision of your final sample sentence are styled correctly: â€Å"The school offers algebra, French, physics, Spanish, geometry, and English.† See also the first item in this post. 2. One of our counties considers itself â€Å"the birthplace of prohibition.† My question is whether prohibition should be capitalized. I’ve seen it done that way before but can’t remember if it may have been only in the context of references to the era or the Eighteenth Amendment.† When referring to the principle rather than the era or the legislation, I’d lowercase the word: â€Å"The nonpartisan organization focused on the single issue of prohibition.† But in reference to the specific US government policy during the 1930s (or any other similar official policy in another country), capitalize the term. And if the county actually markets itself with the slogan â€Å"The Birthplace of Prohibition,† acknowledge that epithet by writing, â€Å"The county considers itself the ‘Birthplace of Prohibition’†). 3. What are the rules for saying something starts with a capital letter? Which one is correct: â€Å"The word God has a capital G,† or â€Å"The word God has a capital g†? No resource I know of refers to this specific point about naming a letter as a letter, so in this case I must defer to usage. â€Å"The word God has a capital G† may seem redundant, but that’s the prevailing style. Otherwise, when the reference is not specifically to an uppercase letter, the lowercase form should be used. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureBroadcast vs Broadcasted as Past FormPreposition Mistakes #3: Two Idioms

Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Essays

Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Essays Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Essay Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Essay Extraction of Caffeine from Tealeaves Perez, Albert Solomon K. *; Quiambao, Marie Angela C;. Pascua, Hanna Harriette R. ; Patricio, Maria Roxanne DC. ; 2-Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Santo Tomas Espana St. , 1015, Manila Abstract Caffeine is soluble in both water and organic solvents, solid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction were used in the experimentation process. Caffeine was extracted using hot water, however, due to its medium polarity; it was further separated from water soluble compounds using a polar non-protic solvent, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). Sublimation was then used for the purification of the targeted compound. Based from the data collected, 5. 758g of tea leaves contains 3. 96% caffeine. After the purification process, 0. 2279g of caffeine was obtained from 0. 4948g crude extract with 46. 06% yield. Melting point determination was used to characterize the caffeine yielded. However, the melting point range of the caffeine collected (190Â °C -215 Â °C) was lower than the melting point of the accepted value (238 Â °C) which may be due to experimental errors committed in the extraction and washing process. Introduction Tea has been consumed as a beverage for almost 2,000 years starting in China. It is the most widely consumed beverage after water [1]. Their active participation in trade resulted in its introduction to Europe. The active component in tea is caffeine (C8H10N4O2). Caffeine belongs to an extensive class of compounds known as the alkaloids. Alkaloids are a diverse group of compounds that are found primarily in plants and contain basic nitrogen atom(s). The basic nature of these compounds makes them exists mostly as salts. Many alkaloids have profound effects on the nervous system and acts as a mild stimulant examples are other well-known alkaloids such as morphine, strychnine, quinine, ephedrine, and nicotine. Aside from being a mild stimulant, caffeine is one of the most promising organic compounds in medicine, in a study by Miura, T. et al. , green tea extracts showed lowering in blood pressure of a mice with diabetes type 2 and thus a plausible treatment for diabetes[2]. However, caffeine may be associated with serious ventricular arrhythmias in susceptible people. Caffeine may increase beat-to-beat heart rate variability and also QT interval variability during rapid eye movement sleep[3]. Caffeine cannot be obtained directly; every pot of coffee or cup of tea involves solid/liquid extraction, the extraction of organic compounds from solid ground beans or leaves using hot water as the liquid. The lower molecular weight polar molecules such as caffeine dissolve in the hot water and are removed from the high molecular weight water-insoluble cellulose, protein, and lipid materials. Over 200compounds, some in only trace quantities are extracted from the solid into a cup of coffee or tea. Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of caffeine. [pic] Figure1. Caffeine While solid-liquid extraction is the most common technique used to brew beverages and isolate natural products, liquid/liquid extraction is a very common method used in the organic laboratory. Organic reactions often yield a number of by-products, some inorganic, some organic. Also, since they do not go to 100% completion, some starting material is also often present at the end of an organic reaction. Liquid-liquid extraction is often used as the initial step in the work-up of a reaction, before final purification of the product by recrystallization, distillation or sublimation. Varying extracts from various plants have been used as teas, potions, medicines and poisons. However, these extracts can contain a mixture of many different chemicals, often only one or few are responsible for the activity of the extract. The objective of this experiment is to isolate, purify and characterize caffeine from tea leaves. Moreover, to calculate the percent yield of caffeine. Results and Discussion Extraction of caffeine from tea leaves through solid-liquid extraction using water bath would cause the tea leaves to swell and release caffeine and other compounds such as tannins. To further separate caffeine from other soluble compounds, an organic solvent, Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) was used. Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) selectively extract caffeine from the tea extract by separating it from the other organic compounds and leaving them suspended in water. Table1. Relative Weights of Products Yield of Products | |Brand of tea leaves |Nature’s Pride | | | | |Extraction | |Weight of beaker |28. 6880g | |Weight of beaker |34. 4460g | |+ tea leaves | | |Weight of tea leaves |5. 58g | |Weight of evaporating dish |115. 7196g | |Weight of evaporating dish |116. 2144g | |+ crude caffeine | | |Weight of crude caffeine |0. 4948g | | | | |Purification | |Weight of empty vial |32. 2127g | |Weight of empty vial |32. 406g | |+ caffeine crystal | | |Weight of caffeine c rystal |0. 2279 | Extraction uses the solubility differences of these molecules to selectively draw the product into the organic layer. Liquid-liquid extractions using 20mL dichloromethane was done three times to ensure the highest percentage of caffeine separation. All portions of dichloromethane was mixed and was washed with 20mL 6M NaOH in the separatory funnel, to remove acidic content from the solution that may have remained after the extraction with dichloromethane. The ‘washed’ dichloromethane solution was filtered through a filter paper containing anhydrous Na2SO4 to further dehydrate the solution, hydrating the Na2SO4 into its hydrated form Na2SO4Â ·H2O. Table 1 shows the different weights of the sample obtained through extraction and purification before its characterization. Crude caffeine, about 0. 4948g was obtained through recrystallization, and was purified. Purification was facilitated by sublimation with an air bath to gather the pure crystalline caffeine. The crystalline caffeine was found to be 0. 276g in weight. The percent recovery and percent caffeine can now be computed through: % recovery = [pic] % caffeine = [pic] % recovery = [pic]% caffeine = [pic] % recovery =46. 06%% caffeine = 3. 96% To characterize the sample, determination of the melting point was used. Table 2 summarizes the results of melting point determination of the sample and standard caffeine subjected to an oil bath consisting of cooking oil at 150 degrees celsius. Table2. Melting Point Determination |Melting Points (? C) | |Sample caffeine |Standard caffeine | | | | |T1 | |190 degrees |225 degrees | | | | |T2 | |215 degrees |228 degrees | | | | |190-215 degrees |225-228 degrees | The accepted value for the melting point of caffeine is 238? C [4]. The experimentally determined temperature for the sample caffeine was very low in comparison to the standard and the accepted value. The standard caffeine had close values and a smaller melting point range. Errors could lie in between the melting process, as the standard underwent some thermal decomposition evident in the slight change in the color of the sample while melting. The temperature obtained explicitly shows the presence of impurities on the sample caffeine, as the presence of non-volatile solutes owers the temperature and increases the melting point range of a sample. Imprecise reading and observations could have been one of the reasons for the slightly lower melting point temperature readings for the standard caffeine. Experimental For the extraction of caffeine, commercialized tea bags (3) were used as a source of tea leaves. Tea leaves were removed from the bags and were weighed. After weighing the tealeaves, solid-liquid extraction was done using 100-mL water and was allowed to boil for 5 minutes. The sides of the flask were then cooled in a running tap water for 2 minutes. An ice cube was mixed in the tea extract to facilitate cooling to room temperature. The tea extract was transferred in a separatory funnel containing 20-mL of dichloromethane to facilitate liquid-liquid extraction of caffeine. The CH2Cl2 was found to be in the lower layer and was drained into a clean flask. The remaining solution in the separatory funnel was again treated with 20-mL CH2Cl2 twice to further extract the remaining caffeine. All CH2Cl2 fractions were combined. All of the CH2Cl2 was returned to the separatory funnel and that was washed with 20-mL 6M NaOH solution. After washing, The CH2Cl2 layer was drained into a flask through a funnel with a fluted filter paper containing half spatula of anhydrous sodium sulphate to remove the remaining water content. The CH2Cl2 was subjected in a water bath to further concentrate the extract. The crude caffeine was weighed and the numerical value was recorded. For the purification process, the crude caffeine was transferred into a filter tube with a fitted inner test tube which served as the ‘cold finger’ and was placed in a hot air bath. The crude caffeine was allowed to sublime to gather crystalline caffeine at the bottom of cold finger tube. The cold finger was constantly refilled with ice water to facilitate sublimation. The crystalline caffeine was scraped off the cold finger tube and was placed into a vial. For the characterization of crystalline caffeine, the caffeine crystals were grinded into a very fine powder. A micro capillary tube was sealed at one end which acted as a micro test tube. The open end of the micro test tube was dipped into the vial containing pulverized caffeine crystal and was dropped inside a long glass tube until the sample reached a height of 0. 5-1cm. The same procedure was done on the standard caffeine sample. For the melting point determination, the two samples were secured in both sides of a thermometer. The thermometer was dipped into a beaker containing cooking oil heated at 150 degrees (oil bath). The temperature range between the first appearance of liquid within the sample until the disappearance of the last traces of solid was recorded. Conclusion The extraction of caffeine is a critical experiment, as it uses different chemistry principles such as solubility rules and a substance’s physical properties. The percent yield of 3. 96% is a reasonable finding since green teas are found to contain only 3-5% of its dry weight. Impurities which caused the melting point lowering of the sample could have resulted from experimental errors and could have occurred during the extraction and washing processes. In addition to experimental errors, the presence of soluble tannins in tea leaves complicates the isolation of caffeine, this could have been fixed in the solid-liquid extraction state through the addition of CaCO3 to separate tannins and keep them suspended in the water. References [1]Alan M Iris M (2004). The Empire of Tea. The overlook press. ISBN 1 – 58567 – 493- 1, p. 32. [2] Miura, T. , Koike, T. , Ishida, T. (2005). Antidiabetic activity of green tea (Theasinensis L. ) in genetically type 2 diabetic mice. Journal of Health Science, 51(6), 708-710. [3]Yeragani, V. K. , et al. (2009). Caffeine and Cardiovascular Health:What Do We Know? Caffeine and Health Research. New York, NY: Nova Science. [4]Lide, D. , ed. (2007) CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,Internet Version 2007, (87th Edition), , Taylor and Francis, BocaRaton, FL: CRC press LLC. [5]Spiller, G. (1998). Caffeine. Boca Raton. FL: CRC press LLC.

Research Design Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Design Paper - Essay Example The tangible evidences would incorporate the factual results obtained. The findings would be pertaining to situations such as the suicide terrorism cases after a specific duration. The research plan intends to show respect to all suggestions of the theories and through the appreciation of all arguments by the researches, no theory will manifest superiority aspect over the other. The dependent variables of the theories include the specific theoretical aspects that rely on other factors for existence and understanding. The independent variables outstand in every perspective and duration. The independent variables possess the potentiality of manifesting logics on their own means. The regime theory emanates within the international dealings drawn from the liberal customs stipulating that the international institutions or administration affect the behavior of states. The theory presumes that cooperation can result in the anarchic situations of countries since the regimes depict the intern ational circumstances of cooperation amongst the nations. The observable implication of the regime theory states that a state exists in its current position because of the policies employed. The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism highlights on some of the vital aspects on the suicide terrorism. ... According to Pape who contributed mainly on the idea, Islamic community is not the cradle of the act but they might have borrowed the tradition from other communities. The evaluation of the suicide terrorism incorporated a comprehensive research that targeted all phases of existence such as the psychological, scientific and the social attributes. The final portion of the expected investigation incorporates the defense and the safety impasse. The phenomenon poses that both aspects of the country’s superiority in security and weaknesses in maintaining its safety can aggravate other nations. The research on defense and the security dilemma requires a distinct consideration and a comprehensive employment of critical insight in all perspectives. There should be a consideration regarding the main reasons that might trigger one nation against the other to criticize its security. There should be no perceptions and prior notions guiding the research because the basic purpose is to atta in the logics behind the act. The notions and cultures of dissimilar nations would be of the essence to research on because the compromises of every country’s security accompany intentions. There are nations that would target their interests through other countries. There should be a vivid understanding in the fact that every war or attach that may lead to alteration of countries’ thoughts and relations possess a purpose. There is a essence in the evaluation of different states’ desires since it can result into the actual plans and the intentions of a particular state to indulge into a compromising act. The inquiry on different states preferences would spell out their priorities because the priorities are dissimilar amidst countries. The different countries’ securities may be

CIS 312 7,8,9 questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIS 312 7,8,9 questions - Assignment Example For systems administrators, the PsList tool is a useful tool for enabling greater control over both local and remote systems, a key function in system administration. A. Two methods for troubleshooting BSOD errors in Windows 8 are i. using safe mode, and ii, using Windows Boot Genius, a robust screen repair program. The Windows repair program is more useful to system administrators because it has over 20 OS repair tools that can help fix almost all boot issues including BSOD. Windows 9 xs/Me Resource Meter can also help in determining whether computer has sufficient FSRs (Soper, 2004). B. The two primary methods of BSOD troubleshooting in Windows 8 include the BSOD screen repair program and the utilization of safe mode repair. The former method is more suitable for systems administrator because it enables repair of virtually all boot issues in Windows 8. A. Networking components considered in home office to maximize functionality are the structure of management information (SMI), Management information base (MIB), and SNMP agents. SMI would help in defining data types allowed in MIB while the IB would help in holding value for managed objects based on packets that arrive from previous system reset. Lastly, SNMP agents components would help in executing all relevant MIB objects B. The best networking components for maximizing functionality are SNMP components: SMI, which describes MIB data types, MIB that stores clock ticks since system resetting, and SNMP agent component, which define information contained in MIB to help in the management of used applications. A. Various vendor support sites help in troubleshooting home internet connections. The most useful sites include the Network Diagnostic tool, Microsoft Automated Troubleshooting Services tools, as well as manual troubleshooting via http://www.microsoft.com, http://www.msn.com, http://support.microsoft.com/gp/vendors/en-us, and

The Comparison of Transition from Dictatorship to Democracy in Brazil Essay

The Comparison of Transition from Dictatorship to Democracy in Brazil (1964) and Argentina (1976) - Essay Example The transition to democracy in Brazil was viewed as a form of liberalization as it was preoccupied with the process of legitimacy. The process of democracy was able to achieve various goals within the civil society. These achievements were later referred to as Brazilian miracle with the attainment of sustained economic growth and development (Stepan, 36) Unlike the Brazilian military era, the Argentine military era did not last for a long period as it collapsed as a result of various forms of divisions and incompetence. In this case the promise of liberation by the military regime failed to take off or deliver any tangible results. Major divisions were experienced in its ranks due to a weak power confidence leading to its down fall. The unity of the military was also in question and therefore was considered as a contributing factor to this failure in terms of transition from dictatorship to democratic type of governance (Pion-Berlin,

The Woman In Black Theatre Essay

The Woman In Black Theatre Essay The Woman In Black belongs to the gothic genre. The genre was created by Horace Walpole, He wrote The Castle of Otranto which was the very first gothic novel which was written in 1764. The Gothic genre normally includes Isolated Places, such as the house Arthur stays in, Supernatural creatures, Such as the ghost Woman in Black, Damsels in Distress such as Arthur at the end of the play when he has had enough of the haunting. The woman in black is a terrifying gothic play. Stephen Mallatratt, the playwright achieves this by writing an effective mise-en-scene including setting, lighting, props, sound, the text, and stage directions for actors. These all merge together and create a nerve shredding experience. A technique that Stephen Mallatratt uses to create a scary experience is lighting. For example, when the sound of the pony and trap was playing there was a black out. The black out made it daunting because no body knew what was happening and this created a lot of anxiety. The noise was very loud and it was threatening, the audience didnt know what to do because you couldnt see anything so you were put through the torment of being in the pitch black listening to a child cry. Another time when lighting was used to create a terrifying effect is when Jerome and Arthur were in the church at the funeral of Ms Drablow. The lighting was used to present a cross and a stained glass window. This was very Gothic, and creates an edgy atmosphere because the audience didnt know if something was going to pop out, the only light was from the cross and window, which is very creepy. The lighting is also used in a clever way. When the lights hit the curtain it exposed a whole Childs playroom. Its bloodcurdling to watch because until the lights where used, the audience couldnt see the other room. The audience dont know how it got there and what was going to happen. Another technique used is Sound. Sound is used throughout the play, and its a major part in creating a nerve shredding experience. The sound is used for ghostly encounters or the curse of the child screaming when hes drowning. Stephen Mallatratt also uses volume to make the sound scarier. When the child is drowning it starts off reasonably quiet and then it gets deafening, giving the effect the pony and trap is getting nearer, and then suddenly the child starts screaming. It makes other people scream because theres a black out and a loud cry. The use of sound and lighting combined makes the play truly chilling to watch and hear. Sound contributed to the gothic atmosphere because a lot of the time the noise was sudden. The audience do not expect to hear children cry or other spooky noises so its very scary to hear. Sound is used to create suspense by making the noises start at a quite level but then reaching a louder more nerve shattering sound, this happens when the pony and trap are moving, this also could represent distance, the further away the quieter the noise, the closer it is the louder the noise. Stephen Mallatratt uses only 3 actors, the actor, Kips and the Woman in Black. I think Stephen Mallatratt uses only these 3 people because using more actors could take the tension they have already built up away. For example, when spider runs off and gets stuck in the mud and the actor goes to pull him out. During this the real Arthur Kipps is standing on stage explaining whats happening while the actor is showing the actions. At the moment were the tension breaks, the real Arthur Kipps, changes from narrating to acting as Keckwick. In my opinion, if there was a change of actor the whole scene and all the tension they had created would be lost. The way they do this is nerve shredding because its so weird how the actors can just change the characters in short amount of time. Stephen Mallatratt gets the actors to use different tones of voice, facial expression, coats, habits and many more to portray change of character. An example of when he portrays this is in the first scene when Arthur Kipps is acting as Tomes. Tomes has a sniff so when Arthur Kipps is acting as him he makes sure the sniff occurred every twenty seconds. This made the audience know that he was acting as a different character. This is effective because we know that its the same person but its intresting to see the ability of the actor when he/she changes there facial expressions, voices and other factors. Overall I think Stephen Mallatratt did a good job at terrifying everyone within the theatre, the parts when everyone screamed where mainly because of the lighting and the sound. If there werent these two factors I doubt the play would have been as effective as it was. I personally enjoyed the play and how it affected me, I wasnt expecting to be scared but I was which proves how the light and sound is effective.

Los Clorofluorocarbonados (CFCs) :: Ensayos Reportes Escolares

Los Clorofluorocarbonados (CFCs) Los Clorofluorocarbonados (CFC) y sus derivados tienen como fuentes principales algunos productos industriales, y los à ³xidos de nitrà ³geno, que se producen por multitud de causas, principalmente por la quema de combustibles fà ³siles y la utilizacià ³n de fertilizantes quà ­micos. La produccià ³n de cloro-fluoro-carbonos [CFCs] contribuye con aproximadamente el 14% del efecto invernadero. Los CFCs son sustancias quà ­micas sintà ©ticas, formadas por cloro, flà ºor y carbono. Las molà ©culas de CFC tienen una larga vida activa. El CFC-1 1 es activo durante unos 65 aà ±os y el CFC-12 durante unos 110 arios. Cada molà ©cula de CFC-11 y de CFC-12 contribuye 3.500 y 7.300 veces mà ¡s, respectivamente, al efecto invernadero que cada molà ©cula de C02. Los CFCs tambià ©n destruyen la capa de ozono en la estratosfera, causando que una mayor proporcià ³n de rayos ultravioleta alcance la superficie de la tierra. Una mayor incidencia de rayos ultravioleta tendrà ­a importantes efectos tanto en la agricultura como en la salud humana. E1 cà ¡ncer en la piel, los problemas oculares, y las afecciones al sistema inmunolà ³gico, son las amenazas mà ¡s inminentes sobre la salud de la poblacià ³n humana. Podrà ­an tambià ©n presentarse efectos adversos sobre las algas y el plancton, bases de la cadena alimentaria en el mar CONTAMINACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA > Eliminacià ³n de los CFC de los inhaladores - dosificadores 1) OBJETIVO Elaborar una estrategia comunitaria para la eliminacià ³n de los clorofluorocarbonos (CFC) de los inhaladores - dosificadores. 2) MEDIDA DE LA COMUNIDAD Comunicacià ³n de la Comisià ³n al Parlamento Europeo y al Consejo de 23 de octubre de 1998: Eliminacià ³n progresiva de los CFC de los inhaladores - dosificadores. 3) CONTENIDO Los CFC forman parte de las sustancias que debilitan la capa de ozono y cuya produccià ³n y consumo se prohibieron en la Comunidad en 1995. No obstante, siguen utilizà ¡ndose en los inhaladores - dosificadores destinados al tratamiento del asma y de las bronconeumopatà ­as crà ³nicas obstructivas (BPCO) en virtud de las excepciones previstas en el Protocolo de Montreal y en el Reglamento (CE) n º 3093/94 para sus usos esenciales. En la decisià ³n IX/19 del Protocolo de Montreal, la Comunidad Europea y las demà ¡s Partes del Protocolo acordaron presentar, antes del 31 de enero de 1999, una estrategia de transicià ³n para la eliminacià ³n de los CFC de los inhaladores - dosificadores. La Comisià ³n cumple con tal compromiso mediante la adopcià ³n de esta Comunicacià ³n, que recomienda medidas que deberà ­an adoptar los Estados miembros para facilitar la transicià ³n hacia tratamientos del asma sin CFC preservando la salud y la seguridad de los pacientes.

Children and young people’s development Essay

Learning outcome 2: Understand the kinds of influences that effect children and young people’s development. We can all be influenced by different things through life, a child’s emotional, physical, social, intellectual development can be affected by different influences, bullying, death, divorce and many more. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1.2 There are many different examples of how different aspects of development can have an affect on one another, here are a few examples. If a child speaks a foreign language as their first and they and their family have just moved to this country to live, this may lead to them having a language barrier, the child may be very shy, find it very hard to communicate with others and isolate themselves and finding it difficult to make friends. All of these can affect the child emotionally, socially, possibly creating behavioural problems and lowering their self-esteem, all having an effect on their development. A child who finds it difficult to interact with other children due to reasons such as bullying, may find it difficult to express how they feel, and unable to tell anyone what is happening to them. This can affect the child, emotionally they may become very upset easily or even aggressive at times, they may be affected socially, thinking that all children are going to bully them and so isolating themselves from others, and losing confidence. These may all affect their ability to concentrate in the classroom and may in turn start affecting their levels. A child who may have a disability may find that not being able to participate with certain lessons for example PE, may leave them feeling that they are being isolated and that they are different to the others, this may affect their social, behavioural and emotional development. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 2.1 Children and young people can be affected by different kinds of influences and these can have an effect on their development. Background We all come from different backgrounds whether it be ethnic, cultural, our  environment or just circumstances. It may be that the child speaks a foreign language and is finding it difficult to communicate with others. A child may have different cultural needs to those children within the school environment. The child may come from a deprived home where there is little money and the child is not getting sufficient nutrients to sustain them during a school day. Causing lack of concentration. Also the child’s parents may be going through a divorce or separation, this can be very traumatic for a child. All of these can have an effect on the development of a child, and their ability to learn. Health Development can be affected if the child suffers with poor health or a physical disability. Low income and not being able to afford the right foods and nutrients will have an effect, physically and intellectually the child may be affected. A child with a physical disability may be emotionally and socially effected because of not being able to participate. It’s important that they are supported and included as much as possible. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 2.2 Recognising and responding to children’s and young people’s development is important, it ensures the child or young person receives the right help and support. As soon as it is recognised that a child has a problem then the right action can be taken to ensure the child gets any help or support with their learning and they can also be monitored. If a child was ignored or the problem was not detected then their development may suffer, causing them to fall behind, or not reach their goals. You may have started to notice that a particular child is quieter than normal and isn’t their normal happy self, this could be a cause of concern, you may feel that you are able to ask the child if there is anything bothering them. They may respond by telling you that their mum and dad are not getting along and dad has left the home. This may affect the emotional behaviour of the child as well as their social as they feel they can’t talk to any of their friends about it. You may feel it’s necessary to speak to their teacher, but it’s important that this is kept as confidential. It would then be necessary to monitor the child’s development and behaviour. Being able to recognise and see a concern with a child can make all the difference to their development in the future. Being able to listen, understand and help is an important role to play as a TA.

A Jobless Recovery essays

A Jobless Recovery essays In present day America we live in comfort and trust in our nations government to do the right thing for us Americans. Sometimes those decisions must endure hardships to get through to the gold at the end of the rainbow. Since decisions made in office take a long time to come into effect, it is hard to pinpoint problems and where to deal with them when talking about income and jobs. Since the recession of 2000 the distribution of income has become quite uneven. This due to an ever increasing unemployment rate. Well as Americans we would demand something be done top help this. However it is not the sole purpose of the American Government to make sure that every person is employed. Jared Bernstein stated in his article The Jobless Recovery, that a stimulus is needed to correct these problems. Well the stimulus he is looking for cant come from some economic program or grant, but only from the people themselves. In America today the root of most of these problems lies within the people and their unwillingness to follow laws. A lot of government resources are being dished out to immigrant children whos mothers crossed over the border, birthed their children and bounced. Money that could be going to something usefull is being wasted. Another example of wasted Government expenditure is the welfare system. Unfortunately the system that was set up to help those who could not provide for themselves ad their families is now being used and abused. People know how to beat the system and find every loop hole known to man to squeeze every bit of money out of the Government as possible. Why is there a huge loss of jobs and large unemployment? Thank you for asking. It all comes down to the laziness of the American people. Most Americans who are physically able to work just milk off government disability programs and choose not to get a job. These programs pay a pretty penny for those who know how to...

Essay on White Fang

Essay on White Fang Essay on White Fang This is a free sample essay on White Fang: The portrayal of the child figure is represented in the three novels Black Beauty, The Jungle Books, and White Fang. The use of this motif allows the audience to view the transformation of â€Å"children† into mature beings. In these novels, we watch Black Beauty, Mowglii, and White Fang grow from unshaped, unknowing beings primarily through the guidance of character who are not even their real parents but serve as mother figures. These characters (Beauty, Mowglii, and White Fang) learn the â€Å"rules† of their environment from many different characters and sources throughout the novel. These experiences (both positive and negative) in which they utilize what they know and grow from their mistakes (or misfortunes) are what helps in the rearing and guidance of the child figures on their path of learning. In all three novels, the reader is introduced to the child figures (Black Beauty, Mowglii, and White Fang) really at the beginning of their life. The only possible exception here is that you don’t know initially where Mowglii came from but this introduction is at the beginning of his life in the jungle. This portrayal of the child allows that reader to see them as the naÐ ¿ve clean slates they are, waiting for guidance and education. In Black Beauty, Beauty is portrayed from birth as a valuable addition to the farm and is named for his striking appearance. This ideal impression of the child figure conveys to the reader that although things are good now for this little colt, he will inevitably face hardships during his transformation that will shape him into a truly valuable being. In The Jungle Books, Mowglii is initially portrayed as a happy-go-lucky man cub who isn’t intimidated the least by his new surroundings. This confidence and fearlessness sets the scene for th e leader that Mowglii will become at the end of his transformation into adulthood. After being accepted into the wolf pack, he is nicknamed â€Å"frog†. This title is representative of the changes he will undergo throughout his adventures. It clearly indicates that Mowglii will become a new being. In the novel White Fang, White Fang is introduced almost immediately as the strongest of the litter. This child figure representation is yet again one that predicts the future of the being. This portrayal of White Fang as strong, aggressive and independent carries through to his adulthood as he gains the reputation for being one of the most savage dogs of the North. The difference here between The Jungle Books and White Fang is the initial portray of white Fang is not reflective of the mature caring dog he becomes. It is interesting to note here that although it seemed White Fang’s fate to become a savage wild beast, he in the end becomes a domesticated house pet with the proper compassion and guidance from his determined master, Weedon Scott. In these three novels, each of the characters portraying the child figure is educated about the ways of their world not only verbally, but also by their life experiences (or predicaments). In Black Beauty, Beauty really doesn’t face much of the conflict or harsh realities of the world outside his rosy picture. His seems to represent a protected child initially. He notices how his barn mate, Ginger, misbehaves and wonders how she could that way with such a giving and caring master. He is at the immature point in his life where he doesn’t realize that there is life outside of his own homestead. Even when Ginger tells Beauty of some of her life experiences and how they have shaped the â€Å"person† that she is today, Beauty can only sympathize. He cannot be fully affected by these realities until he, himself is exposed to them. Although he has had second hand exposure from Gingers tales, he cannot learn the lessons and change as a being unless he experiences life fo r himself. In The Jungle Books, Mowglii is protected by Bagheera, the black panther, and is taught the laws of the jungle by Baloo, the brown bear. Although it seems Mowglii is equipped with what he needs to make it in his new world, he faces many dangers of which only he can attempt to avoid. Mowglii has been provided the information of right and wring in the jungle, now it is up for this child to use his smarts to survive. After all, he is sought after by the jungle bully, Shere Khan, who wants Mowglii dead if for no other reason but to regain some of his own pride. The audience sees Mowglii’s transformation as a naÐ ¿ve child to an aggressive member of his society to a compassionate leader of his own people. This only occurs after the child figure obeys the laws of the jungle and utilizes what he has learned. In White Fang, the transformation of the child figure from a savage wolf to a civilized dog is remarkable. White Fang was reared to fend for himself. Although he also had this innate sense as he is three-quarters wolf, he was surrounded by experiences (whether it was famine or brutal fights) that taught him that it was the way of the wild to â€Å"eat or be eaten†. It seemed throughout most of this novel this â€Å"wild child† had no chance of ever being tamed. Ironically, it is the harsh environments that White Fang is exposed to (by the way of Gray Beaver and Beauty Smith), that help him in his transformation from the aggressive wolf to the house pet. Through the harsh guidance of Gray Beaver, White Fang learns obedience, work ethic and loyalty to his master, traits he would have never acquired if he had just lived in the wild. It is arguable, however, that White Fang didn’t necessarily need to be subjected to such harsh treatments become the Beloved Wolf. On t he other hand, these experiences allowed him to appreciate the care he received from his most humane master, Weedon Scott. It is after all, through the patience, understanding, and dedication of Scott that White Fang evolves from a savage wild child into a domestic family dog. Children are a product of their environment. This explanation is used even today to describe why people behave the way that they do. This idea is present in the novels discussed previously as well as in other works of 19th century children’s literature. You see in â€Å"The Little Match Girl† from Andersen’s Fairy Tales, how the poor pathetic child is reduced to keeping herself warm by lighting the matches that she is supposed to be selling. This account is a direct reflection of the pathetic world she was raised in. This exploitation of the child results in her untimely death. In The Waterbabies, it is how this idea is portrayed. Initially, Tom wants to be just like his miserable master, as that is all that he knows. Through his transformation under water, be becomes a product of a better environment. Also in Wilde’s â€Å"The Ugly Duckling†, the duckling feels ugly and doesn’t fit in because of the environment around him. Although he is jus t different than the others, he is led to believe that he is a horrific creature. He truly believes that he is a monstrosity of a sight and this is only because of the influences in his immediate environment. It isn’t until he steps out of his negative surroundings that he finally realizes what he truly is. In the three novels, Black Beauty, The Jungle Books, and White Fang, the child figures portrayed are inevitably products of their environment. You can watch each character grow and change with each new experience and set of surroundings. You can see how just the slightest actions or just a few words shape the adult beings that each character becomes. What a better world we would live in if everyone realized that the actions and voices can forever change the life of another being, whether it be human or animal. ______________ is a professional essay writing service which can provide high school, college and university students with 100% original custom written essays, research papers, term papers, dissertations, courseworks, homeworks, book reviews, book reports, lab reports, projects, presentations and other assignments of top quality. More than 700 professional Ph.D. and Master’s academic writers. Feel free to order a custom written essay on White Fang from our professional essay writing service.

Social information processing theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social information processing theory - Essay Example Many different theories of communication have also sprung up to make the subject of communication more academic and easier to study and understand. One of these theories, which also transcends into a form of communication is the social information processing theory proposed by Joseph Walther in 1992 (Hissam and Daniel, 2009). In this essay, there is a critical analysis of the theory in terms of how online communication relationships may be established, the differences that exists between computer mediated communication, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of computer mediate communication. Online Communication Relationship One of the fundamental aspects of the social information processing theory is the use of online communication. Indeed, the advancement of technology has made online communication a very common phenomenon of late. Through devices such as smart phones, laptops, desktop computers and tablet computers, people use the internet to interact with one another. A unique feature of online communication is the kind of relationship that is established between two people communicating. ... on, as per son offered several avenues to send and receive information including the use of verbal communication, video calling, text messaging, pictures and the kind. All of these avenues help in making relationships forth coming and effective (Humphrey, 2001). The only hindrance identified with online communication relationship is that it trust and interpersonal relationship development takes a very long time to develop. This is because in most cases, there are very few things that can be learnt about people involved in the communication at a time and so the need to be sluggish in developing interpersonal relationship has always been advised. New technology and computer mediated communication Comparatively, computer mediated communication and for that matter social information processing theory has become better than it used to be in 1992 when it was first proposed by Joseph Walther. The reason behind this is the indulgence and evolution of new technology, most of which has come in the form of internet assisted information sharing. Examples of such new media include authoring tools like internet blogs, social information aggregation such as scratchmysoul.com and collaboration tools including the Wikipedia (Humphrey, 2001). Other forms of new technology that has enhanced computer mediated communication is tagging systems like Flickr and collaborative filtering such as Yahoo Answers. But of all these, social networking could be said to be the most influential towards the advancement of computer mediated communication. When it started newly, social networking was used only on a friendship communication but today the trend has changed such that social networking is used by almost every organization and institution that matters for communication purposes. Computer

Introduction to Shipping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Introduction to Shipping - Essay Example This paper aims at explaining the design process and factors to be considered with the building of a commercial ship and describing the scope and scale of the international shipping industry. A ship design process refers to a process in which the ship owner description and requirements are set into specifications, drawing, and technical information needed for the actual building of the ship. This process is always led by a naval architect but highly contributed to by designers, engineers and many other relevant professionals. The ship designing process is subdivided into various phases. During each phase, the design is improved by increasing the level of details. The owners specification about the ship to be designed must contain detailed about fuel endurance, cargo capacity in terms of volume and weight, and speed (Okumoto 2009, p. 64). The building and operation cost are determined by the owner. The ship design process mainly consists of four stages. These stages are: identification of needs; definition of requirements; selection of the design criteria and development of solution framework. The process can also be phased into three phases namely: initial design, basic design, and the detailed design. This nature of the process can be referred to as a design spiral methodology and strategy. Given that the design requirements is not always similar for all ship owners, it is always important to make use of the relevant tools and experience in incorporating different and conflicting expectations and requirements in design missions (Barrass 2004, p. 101). At the initial design stage, the design team has the task of determining the parameters that are supposed to be the basis for the optimal ship dimensions. The team should also hull form development and also propulsion auxiliary systems and system selection in accordance to the requirements of the owner. This stage of design is mainly characterized by analysis

Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Rocky University Essay

Ethical Behavior of Business Students at Rocky University - Essay Example This, in turn has raised a critical concern, as the number of students graduating from the university will not acquire the required and appropriate expertise along with knowledge (Prenshaw & et al., 2001). Rocky University had been facing problems related to cheating activities due to which the Dean took the initiative of resolving this issue through conducting a survey. The Dean strongly believed that by conducting this survey, the existing ethical behavior of the business students belonging to the university could be evaluated. For this survey, 90 business students were selected from Rocky University so as to determine the proportion of students who were engaged in cheating while pursuing their degree course. From the survey conducted, it could be revealed that a total of 71 male students were engaged in cheating activity, while a total of 58 female students were involved in the same. The cheating activity mainly includes the practices of copying from internet photocopying others during exams and collaborating on the projects that had been already allocated to the students individually. This can be better understood with the help of the following tabular representation. From the above table, it can be identified that out of 90 business students surveyed in the university, 34 students have been engaged in practices of copying from the internet. Amongst these 34 students, it could be revealed that 18 male students were engaged in the practices of copying from internet and the remaining 16 female students had undertaken the similar practice. This provides an idea that the proportion of male students copying from the internet is more as compared to female students. As per the above depicted table, it can also be apparently observed that out of 90 students, a total of 46 students had copied in their exam, out of which 26 and 20 students were

The Big Race Essay Example for Free

The Big Race Essay The character I like best is Mrs. Wakefield because she always support her children . Sheteaches them the good things to do . She gives them a tender loving care everyday . She assure thattheir children have a good health and keep away from illness. Conflict or Problem: The conflict or problem in the story is to find a wheels for their soap-box derby cars. Another one is the strategy that they will use in the contest to beat the other contestants so that theywill win. Most Interesting Part of Story: The most interesting part of story is when the race was started. The distance betweeneach cars are too near . Ken is first while Jessica is third during the race . Todd second during therace has a problem,one of his wheel rolled off . Jessica overtake with Todd’s car . A few secondslater Jessica overtake with Ken’s car . At last Jessica won in the race. Summary: One morning in class,the twins’ teacher ,Mrs. Otis ,made a special announcement . TheSweet Valley Elem. School has decided to sponsor a soap-box derby . It’s kind of race . Each person who enters builds his or her own car . Soap-box cars don’t have engines,though, so races arealways downhill . It was after school that day . The Wakefields were in the lumber store buyingwoods and other materials for their soap-box cars . After dinner Mr. Wakefields helped the twinsclear out a space in the garage and got out tools to start building. It was Sunday and the twins were still trying to find wheels for their cars . The twinsask their mom where can they find wheels . The next day after school,Mrs. Wakefield,the twins,andsteven went to junkyard . Elizabeth and Jessica found a wheels for their cars . After they boughtwheels,they hurry up to go home,to attach wheels to the poles and put it into the soap-box cars. OneThursday morning ,Mrs. Otis announce the route for the derby . It’s marked in red on this map of Secca Lake . That afternoon ,Mrs. wakefield and the twins loaded both cars into the van . They will go at Secca Lake for practice runs . Everyone’s taking turns on the hill. When it was her turn, Jessica was flying down the hill . Then suddenly –BANG! One side of her car fell off . Then the other side . Jessica’s car was broken into many pieces. On Saturday morning,the day of big race . The cars are lined up . the first race was begun . Jessica came in sixth while Ken came in first . The final race was begun . Jessica got off to agreat start ,but Ken and Todd still were ahead of her . Then about half away down the hill ,one of the Todd’s wheels rolled off . Jessica steered around todd’s car and missed him by an inch . Asecond later Jessica and Ken were lined up . Seconds later Jessica zipped across the finished line infirst place. Moral Lesson: Don’t loose hope in a contest or race ,it is just only a challenge of God . Alwaysthink positive that you can beat all the contestants and you will be the winner.